Amazon Peru Manu Biosphere 8days

Amazon Peru Manu Biosphere 8days

Amazon Tour Peru Day 01: Cusco to  Cloud Forest Manu  – Pilcopata Lodge .

We leave Cusco early in the morning to start our adventurous trip First, we are taken by private transport to the place called Ninamarca to observe pre-Incan “chullpas” (tombs) of the Lupaca’s culture. Then, we continue to Paucartambo, a colonial town with narrow streets and beautiful church, where people still keep their old customs. Then, we ascend to the viewpoint Tres Cruces (3,900 masl) to observe one of the best sunrises of the world! From there, we start descending to the Manu National Park, a place of presence of a cock of the rock (a Peruvian national bird), hummingbirds, strikingly coloured quetzals, trogons, spotted flycatcher and woolly monkey. From flora, we can view a variety of orchids, mosses, ferns, etc. Finally, we get to Pilcopata (700 masl) where we overnight in a jungle lodge after enjoying dinner and shower in Manu National Park

Amazon Tour Peru Day 02:  Pilcopata Town to  Atalaya Port – Rainforest Lodge .

After breakfast, we continue our journey by private car (one and half an hour) towards the port at Atalaya (500 m.a.s.l). There, we board a motorized boat to continue for about half an hour navigating on the Alto Madre de Dios River. Along the rocky riversides, we have a great opportunity to observe the river wildlife like herons, vultures, cormorants and some of 13 monkey species living in Manu! In the afternoon, we reach our next lodge – Rainforest Lodge. Then we go to explore nearby paths where we can see a big diversity of species, for example, tarantulas, ants, butterflies, some monkey species, huge trees, erotic plants, palms, etc. After that, we return to our lodge to overnight. Optional: A night walk in the Manu National Park

Amazon Tour Peru Day 03:  Rainforest Lodge to Boca Manu Wildlife  :

We start our today´s 7 hour navigation after breakfast. While navigating the Alto Madre de Dios River, we have an opportunity to observe diverse species such as herons, vultures, kingfishers, turtles or monkeys. Later, we reach the Manu Reserved Zone. Later that afternoon, we get to our next lodge in the area of Boca Manu. We can have a shower, and after dinner, we overnight. Optional: A night walk in the Manu National Park

Amazon Tour Peru Day 04: Boca Manu – Manu Biosphere- Lake Otorongo :

Today, we say good-bye to the Madre de Dios River to change for a navigation on the Manu River offering us other amazing views of a great variety of species living in and around it such as groups of turtles, white caimans, capybaras, jaguar (Panthera onca) resting on a log and watching its territory. In the afternoon, we reach a next jungle lodge called Otorongo that offers us basic rooms with bathrooms. Later on, our Tour Guide takes us to the Otorongo Lake where an observation tower is placed allowing us to watch giant otters living there. During that, the Guide teaches us functions and secrets of the jungle. After that, we return to the lodge to have dinner and spend the night. Optional: A night walk.

Amazon Tour Peru Day 05: Manu Biosphere Reserve – Cocha Otorongo – Salvador :

Today, we visit the Salvador Lake in our silent rowing boat that allows us observing a family of playful giant river otters, black caimans as well as many rare bird species including a prehistoric bird called shansho You can be sure that animals here in wild Amazon Manu have never suffered from hunting by people! In the afternoon, we return to our lodge near Otorongo Lake to have a rest and sleep. Optional: A night walk.

Amazon Tour Peru Day 06: Manu Biosphere -Exploring Flora and Fauna :

In the morning, our group starts the travel by boat from Otorongo Lake towards Pakitza offering us to watch more wildlife. In Pakitza, we can observe different paths and other kinds of mammals. In the afternoon, we return to our lodge to have a rest and shower. After dinner, we overnight.

Amazon Tour Peru Day  07: Manu Biosphere to Boca Manu –  Rainforest Lodge:

Today surely starts with a howler monkey scream that wake us up. After breakfast, we navigate on the Manu River to Boca Manu. We change there for the Alto Madre de Dios River and continue navigating until reaching the Rainforest Lodge, a place of our next overnight.

Amazon Tour Peru Day 0 8: Manu Rainforest Lodge – Atalaya Port  to Cusco City:

We wake up very early today to go by boat to see a 10 minute far away parrot clay lick After that, we get back to the lodge where we are served breakfast adding us energy for our last travel so that we are able to board a motorized boat and start navigating towards the Atalaya Port. Our private vehicle awaits us there to take us back to Cusco. We arrive there approximately between 6 and 6:30 pm.

Included in the Amazon Peru Manu Biosphere 8days:

• • • A professional naturalist Tour Guide;
    • Motorboat transportation;
    • Private vehicle land transportation;
    • Entrance to the Reserved Zone of the Manu National Park;
    • A professional Cook,
    • Meals: 7x breakfast, 7x lunch, 7x dinner and drinking water (Please note: vegetarian option upon request for
    • no extra cost);
    • Accommodation: 7 nights in lodges;
    • First aid kit, including a poison extractor, mosquito bite treatment and an antidote for a snake bite;
    • Radio communications;
    • Rubber boots.

Not included in the Amazon Peru Manu Biosphere 8days:

• • • Any flight nor airport departure taxes;
    • Travel insurance;
    • Vaccination;
    • Breakfast on the first day and dinner on the last day;
    • Drinks;
    • Tips to local staff.

What to take with you to the Amazon Peru Manu Biosphere 8days:

• • • Mosquito repellent (DEET 35 recommended as a MINIMUM),Original passport,
    • Small backpack,
    • Long sleeved cotton shirts (preferably green coloured),
    • Long cotton trousers,
    • Cotton long socks (to be put into your trousers),
    • Comfortable walking shoes,
    • Sandals or light shoes,
    • Rain gear (e.g. rain poncho),
    • Sweater (for the beginning of the tour in Andes and the cloud forest only),
    • Swimsuit;
    • Binoculars (we also rent it),
    • Camera and its charger,
    • Plastic bags to be used for clothes and a camera,
    • A hat as a protection against the Sun or rain,
    • Toiletries,
    • Small towel,
    • Toilet paper,
    • Sun cream,
    • Sunglasses,
    • Flashlight (with spare bulb and batteries),
    • A bottled water (1 litre as a minimum),
    • Pocket money (Soles) to buy some beverages and souvenirs as well as to tip.

1. 44 | Howler Monkey (Alouatta) Black Howler Monkey Alouatta Palliata The Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata) is a species of undisturbed Platyrian primate that is widely spread in Central and South America from southern Mexico to the extreme north of Peru. This species inhabits a diversity of environments that comprise secondary forests, semi-deciduous forests, humid forests, dry forests, mountain forests, mangroves and cloud forests. They are diurnal, arboreal and relatively sedentary animals with little social activity. They live in groups of around 20 individuals, but generally congregate in small groups. Males and females leave their natal groups upon reaching sexual maturity, the groups have a dominant male who claims the right to copulate with the females. They are territorial animals and are characterized by having a large hyoid, which enables it to emit very intense audible howls 8 km away. Mainly at sunrise and sunset to warn other groups of their presence. This will allow them to save the energy used during confrontations. Females usually have their first calf at two years of age, the gestation period lasts about 6 months and the interval between births is 2 years. Its diet is made up of equal proportions of tender leaves and fruits, and a smaller proportion of flowers, this varies according to the site, sex, time of year and food availability. Despite being threatened by deforestation due to the type of diet and the ability to live in confined spaces, it is highly adaptable and capable of living in fragmented and intervened forests. This species of howler monkey inhabits most of Central America and northwestern South America. It is found in southern Mexico, the center of
2. 45. 45 | Howler Monkey (Alouatta) Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, north and west of Colombia, west of Ecuador and the Tumbes Region in Peru. A. palliata is sympatric with another species of howler, the Guatemalan black howler (Alouatta pigra) in a restricted sector in Guatemala and Mexico near the Yucatan peninsula. Probably it is not adapted as its relative Alouatta seniculus to live in areas of intervened and divided forest, finding itself instead better adapted that is better adapted than A. seniculus to live in closed canopy forests, I feel the latter better adaptable to flood forests , gallery forests and stubble. In Colombia, near the Atrato river, it also converges with the A. seniculus species. In Colombia the species is found mainly from humid forests to semi-deciduous forests on mountainous slopes. In Central America, a wide variety of forests, mainly in low-altitude perennial forests, is also found in mangroves, dry deciduous forests and intervened forests. They preferably sit in the medium and high canopy; like A. seniculus, they often descend to the ground and can swim with some skill. In general, avoid floodplain forests and swamps with mangroves near the coasts. Alouatta palliata belongs to the Atelidae family among those of New World monkeys (platyrrines), the family that contains howler monkeys, spider monkeys, woolly monkeys and muriquís. The species is part of the Alouattinae subfamily whose only genus is Alouatta, which contains all the howler monkeys. Three subspecies are recognized: Alouatta palliata aequatorialis in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Peru, Alouatta palliata palliata in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, and Alouatta palliata mexicana in Mexico and Guatemala. Two other subspecies are considered by some authors, but are more frequently classified as subspecies of Alouatta coibensis (howler monkey from Coiba Island). However, studies of mitochondrial DNA show that its classification remains unfinished. Depending on the region where it lives, it is known as the Congo monkey, howler of the coast, 1 howler monkey, araguato, zambo monkey, black howler, black monkey, gopher monkey, along the Colombian Caribbean coast; black monkey in the Colombian Pacific coast area (sometimes also applies to Ateles belzebuth);

1. 46 | Howler Monkey (Alouatta) chongo and chongón monkey, in the southern region of the Colombian Pacific coast, adjacent to Ecuador; güeviblanco (Chocó) .4 Some Colombian indigenous names: kotudú (Noahamá); cuara (Chokó); uu (Cuna); and Ecuadorians: Aullaj munu (quichua). In French hurleur manteau; in German Mantelbrüllaffe; and in English black howler, black howling monkey, mantled howler or Golden-mantled Howling Monkey. The morphology of this species is similar to the other species of the Alouatta genus except for the coloration, which is predominantly black with gold or yellowish lateral stripes, however, brown or dark gray animals are known. The head is large in relation to the body, the face is black and is devoid of hair. As in all members of the Atelidae family, the tail is prehensile, long and strong with a hairless pad near the tip. There is a marked sexual dimorphism, males are larger than females, weighing between 5.5 and 9.8 kg, while females weigh between 3.1 and 7.6 kg, and they also have hair around their faces. longer and more abundant. In mature males the scrotum is white. Body length ranges from 481 to 675 mm, averaging 561 mm for males and 520 mm for females. The tail measures between 545 and 655 mm with an average in males of 583 mm and 609 mm in females.4 Other measurements made in Colombia show a range of body weight between 6 and 8 kg with an average for both sexes of 6 , 6.4 The brain of this howler weighs only about 55 g, smaller than that of some smaller gulls such as the white-headed capuchin (Cebus capucinus) .4 The species is adapted for a mainly folivorous diet, which is why its molars they have high ridges on their molars, useful for this vegetarian diet. The diet is made up of leaves and fruits more or less in the same proportion, but they also eat flowers. According to a study, the diet is made up of 48.2% leaves, 42.1% fruits and 17.9% flowers. According to a study, the percentage of time spent according to the species is as follows: Ficus yaponensis (Moraceae) 20.95%, Ficus insípida (Moraceae) 14.89%, Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) 6.08%, Platypodium elegans (Leguminosae) 5.65%, Inga fagifolia (Leguminosae) 3.86%, Poulsenia armata (Moraceae) 3.63%, Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) 2.63%, Cecropia insignis
47. 47 | Howler Monkey (Alouatta) (Moraceae) 2.24%, Hieronima laxiflora (Euphorbiaceae) 1.99%, Lacmellea panamensis (Apocynaceae) 0.67%. The percentage of time eating fruits according to the family is: Moraceae 47.79%, Leguminosae 9.5%, Anacardiaceae 2.62%, Euphorbiaceae 1.99% and Apocynaceae 1.67%. They prefer young leaves which provide it with more protein than mature leaves.4 In another study carried out in Mexico, 27 species were documented as a food source, with 89% of the time invested in 8 species, being the most frequent family Moraceae (58.4%), with the following in importance Ficus spp., Poulsenia armata, Brosimum alicastrum, Cecropia obtusifolia and Pseudomedia oxyphyllaria; the other families were Lauraceae (22.6%) and Leguminosae (4.9%). Another study documented a time spent of 19.5% feeding on mature leaves, 44.2% on young leaves, 18.2% on flowers, 12.5% on fruit and 5.7% on nectar. In the same study, 62 species from 27 families were established, the most important being Leguminosae, followed by Moraceae and Anacardiaceae. The most representative species were Andira inermis (15%), Pithecellobium saman (10.04%), Pithecellobium longifolium (7.92%), Anacardium excelsum 7.23%, Licania arborea (7.06%), Manilkara achras (6.19%) , Astronium graveolens (5.46%) and Pterocarpus hayseii (4.71%). In Costa Rica it was documented a time spent in eating leaves of 49%, 28% of fruits and 22.5% of flowers. In Colombia, in the Chocó rainforest, the species was found to feed on 51 plant species belonging to 22 families and 35 genera. The most frequent families were Moraceae and Mimosaceae, in which 76% of the time spent was used. Other families were Caesalpinaceae, Sapotaceae, Cecropiaceae, Myristicaceae and Annonaceae. The species consumed with the most 1. frequency were: Brosimum utile, Ficus tonduzii, Inga macradenia, Pseudolmedia laevigata and Lacmellea cf. floribunda. They are generally peaceful, but can become violent. Cases have been observed in which groups of unmarried males displace males in one group and kill juveniles in the group, which induces the rest in females. A. palliata congregates in groups of between 6 and 23 individuals, more numerous on average than in Alouatta seniculus. In locations such as Barro Colorado Island, groups with average sizes of 20.8 and 21.5 were found.